dlsym-like functionality for non-dynamically-loaded code?

I know how to use dlsym() to find symbols keyed by a string - when these symbols are exported by a shared library which I've dlopen()ed. But - what about other code? Just object code I've linked statically. Is it possible to somehow lookup symbols?

Notes:

• If it helps, make any reasonable assumptions about the compilation and linking process (e.g. which compiler, presence of debug info, PIC code etc.)
• I'm interested more in a non-OS-specific solution, but if it matters: Linux.
• Solutions involving pre-registration of functions are not relevant. Or rather, maybe they are, but I would rather avoid that.