Determine whether an instance is an instance of a data class

Given the following classes

abstract class SomeAbstractClass
data class DataClass() : SomeAbstractClass()
class NoDataClass() : SomeAbstractClass()

For any instance of SomeAbstractClass, can I determine whether it is a data class without relying on type checking?

Some background: this seemed the best way of combining inheritance and data classes to me, as suggested in a different answer. Now, within the initializer block of SomeAbstractClass, I want to throw an exception in case the derived type is not a data class to ensure 'correct' (immutable) implementations of derived types.